RealTimeCaptions

[1] Pan, Y., Jiang, D., Picheny, M., and Qin, Y. (2009) Effects of real-time transcription on non-native speaker's comprehension in computer-mediated communications. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI '09. ACM, New York, NY, 2353-2356.

[2] Wald, M. and Bain, K. (2007) Enhancing the Usability of Real-Time Speech Recognition Captioning through Personalised Displays and Real-Time Multiple Speaker Editing and Annotation. HCI International 2007: 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 22-27.

[3] The National Association of the Deaf and The Described and Captioned Media Program. Captioning Key for Educational Media.

• much of the (very detailed) guidelines here are mainly relevant for captioners themselves. One section on "Text" is the only part relevant for ClassInFocus.

[4] Cardinal, P., Boulianne, G., Comeau, M., and Boisvert, M. (2007) Real-Time Correction of Closed-Captions. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, 113-116.

• correcting errors in captions

Text layout, format

[5] Muter, Paul (1996) Interface design and optimization of reading of continous text. In van Oostendorp, H., and de Mul. S. (eds.) Cognitive aspects of electronic text processing. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

• concise overview of conclusions about computer text format/layout/scrolling vs. paging/etc. (based on various studies)

[6] Bergfeld Mills, Carol and Linda Weldon. Reading Text from Computer Screens. ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 19, No. 4, December 1987. (329-357)

• format/layout studies + “When text was scrolled as a block, recall was significantly better than when text was scrolled sentence by sentence”

[7] Wald, M. and Bain, K. (2007) Enhancing the Usability of Real-Time Speech Recognition Captioning through Personalised Displays and Real-Time Multiple Speaker Editing and Annotation. In: HCI International 2007: 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 22-27 July, Beijing.

• changing / customizing display to make captions more readable

[8] Kohtaroh Miyamoto, et al. Integration of Caption Editing System with Presentation Software HCI International 2007

• a study dealing with layout of components/ presentation

[9] Steinfeld Aaron. The benefit of real-time captioning in a mainstream classroom as measured by working memory. Volta Review, 1998 Winter; 100(1): 29-44.

• Mentions that 4 lines is optimal for onscreen realtime captions

Captioning info

[10] Downey, Gregory John. Closed captioning: subtitling, stenography, and the digital convergence of text with television.JHU Press, 2008

• book all about captioning

[11] Stinson, Michael, et al. (1999) Real-Time Speech-to-Text Services: [A Report of the] National Task Force on Quality of Services in the Postsecondary Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students. Northeast Technical Assistance Center, Rochester Institute of Technology.

• how some captioning systems work

[12] Rhyne, Theresa-MT and Lisa Fiedor. Examining Open and Closed Captioning Options for Multimedia & Online Instruction at North Carolina State University. Learning Technology Service. North Carolina State University.

• overview of captioning web-based content (flash, realtime, quicktime)

[13] Lesser, Brian et al. Programming Flash Communication Server. O'Reilly, 2005 (197-205).

• captioning and syncing in Flash (info about video as well)

[14] Lambourne, Andrew, et al. (2004) Speech-Based Real-Time Subtitling Services INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH TECHNOLOGY 7, 269–279.Kluwer Academic Publishers.

• SpeakTitle (live subtitling system) development

[15] Bain, Keith et al. (2005) Accessibility, transcription, and access everywhere. IBM Systems Journal archive Volume 44 ,  Issue 3  (August 2005) (589 - 603).

• IBM on transcription

[16] Kanevsky, Dimitri, et al. 2008. Speech transformation solutions. In Cognition Distributed: How Cognitive Technology Extends Our Minds, Dror, Itiel E. and Stevan Harnad (eds.), 207–235.

• mechanisms of transcription and how certain goals are met

Effect of real-time captioning on education for the deaf

[17] Marschark, Marc, et al. (2006) Benefits of Sign Language Interpreting and Text Alternatives for Deaf Students' Classroom Learning. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 421-437

• effectiveness of text & ASL interpretation of lectures for deaf students

[18] Stinson, Michael S. et al. Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students’ Memory of Lectures With Speech-to-Text and Interpreting/Note Taking Services. The Journal of Special Education, Vol. 43, No. 1, 52-64 (2009)

• effectiveness of text/Asl interpreting of lectures for deaf students